Playing an Instrument Essay

People have different reasons for doing things. Some believe that writing, playing instrument and eating give joy and happiness. When we talk of instrument, different things crop up, such as musical instruments, working instruments, manufacturing instruments etc. In this work, there will be comprehensive details about playing an instrument. We will focus only on playing a musical instrument. For this purpose, we will cover the different aspect of musical instrument. How people learn to play instruments, what benefits people get from playing an instrument, when to buy a musical instrument etc. There are different types of musical instruments, such as the guitar, keyboard, flute, saxophone etc. Musical instruments are of different types. We have the string instruments, wind instruments, percussion instruments etc. Under each of these groups, we then have different instruments. For instance, under string instruments we have the violin, harp and guitar. These instruments are played in different ways, for instance playing a piano involves buying a preferred type, installing, getting a good teacher to put one through and trying different styles and listening to music, which will give insight into how the instrument must sound when been played. In the world today, playing any type of musical instrument have become some lovers’ of music priority. People try to learn how to play a musical instrument at all cost. Then who can play an instrument? What is of paramount is the interest in learning to play. If the interest is not there then, playing or learning might be a problem. When this issue has been established, the next thing is getting a good tutor who can take one through the rudiments of playing such an instrument. There are things that should be put in place in other to learn how to play a musical instrument. One of such things is patience. This is one aspect should be taken seriously. In other, to learn anything in life the issue of patience cannot be taken for granted. You have to be patient. Another issue is the practice. You have to be repeating or practicing this act almost every time or everyday in other to master it. Learning to play an instrument is not a days or weeks job. This act has to be continuous and consistent for sometime until one is perfect. Another aspect is paying attention to the rudiments or skilled that will be needed in learning the instrument. There should be full concentration. However, people have different motives for learning how to play an instrument of any kind. In the context of our discussion, people desire to play instrument because of what they will get. These might come in form of financial reason, pleasure or happiness. Why some specific people may want to learn how to play instrument because of the financial benefit that is attached to it, others may what to learn how to play these instrument at leisure or for pleasure. Then what are the benefits of playing an instrument. One of such is that this act teaches discipline because playing an instrument is like trying to learn a new language, which in some cases can be demanding. Therefore, you have to be disciplined in other to learn how to play these instruments. Another benefit one can get from playing an instrument is can be having a sense of accomplishment. At start, when one starts to learn it might look like a challenge, but when the act is mastered, one can be proud of it. It can also be a means of exercise. Sometimes when we are strained out we can just try our hands on an instrument to cool off and relax. Moreover, there are different problems people may encountered when playing an instrument. For instance in buying a grand piano the issue of quality is vital. If you want buy any instrument there are some things that are vital and of most important. Quality is one of the things that are vital. In addition, costs and functions are also vital. For example, the work of a lead guitar is different from the bass guitar. There can also be problem caused by the instruments itself such as the bowing of the violin. These can be harmful on the part of the person playing it. In conclusion, playing of any instrument depends on different aspect of life: interest, skills and efforts. This write up has been able to give meaning to the phrase playing an instrument.

My Ethics Awareness Inventory Summary Essay

In my Ethical Awareness Inventory I believe in what is right. Ethical awareness is gaining an insight in the perspective of having the determination of what you believe is wrong or right. My beliefs in decision making and obligation are mainly in the core values of the best ethical decision and what core beliefs I believe inspire my values and morality. The core beliefs I chose were character, obligation, results, and equity. I believe an obligation to make the right decision is very important in any decision making process. Results show how a person can provide the character that motivates them in the equity that is chosen to make the right choice. Factors that influence my decision making is pressure from peers and the pressure from the above, interest groups, personal financial gain, chance to get ahead, limited information to get ahead, convenience, and threats in the workplace that are used if not abiding by the Code of Ethics, which is a document signed when hired at a place of employment. Ethical Awareness is the key to sound ethical judgment. The answers to the questions posed in the EAI Inventory will assist you to make the â€Å"right† decision, but it is important to remember that there is no easy shortcut to ethical decision making. It requires you to make an important personal judgment about a matter that will have a significant impact on the lives of real people—not some faceless mass (Ethics Awareness Inventory, 2011). Obligations category defines my selections as individuals that I may work with as argumentative about the society who may not be able to work in their own best interest. Obligations to me are very important and need to look at as being at the top of a list and adhered to as promises made to be taken care of as soon as possible. In my own life the results have pretty much matched on how I am in real life, especially the personal financial gain. I always run short of money and looking for more ways to earn more. Another way is more information being available to me. I always have been willing to learn as much as I can to know about my tasks and duties within a job or even in my personal life. I was raised with strong personal ethics and apply those to my professional and personal life. In the educational field I have learned that ethics in decision making can be different than what I believe. My decision making is of right or wrong. In a professional setting the decision making can be one or the other due to the Code of Ethics and the supervisors that are the last say in a decision. My thinking has been altered to some point to obligations as to the community and diversity which shows how much we should think about the other cultures that have issues that need assistance and our ethical views which are a difference than what most are altered from my core beliefs. Reference Williams Institute(2011). (6th ed): www. ethics-twi. org info@ethics-twi. org. Retrieved April 23, 2012 from: https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/Vendors/TWI/EAI/

Business Management ( Organizational Behavior ) Essay

Business Management ( Organizational Behavior ) - Essay Example I would show this trait to my boss by making myself indispensable in every difficult situation and by saying â€Å"It’s difficult but it will be taken care of† rather than â€Å"no it is impossible†. Vision: It is necessary that the leader should have the exposure, industry insight and knowledge of what other industry members are doing in similar situations in other parts of the world. This is required in order to be successful and keep the edge as compared to the competitors. For this purpose, I would visit all industry events including seminars, conferences, and exhibitions all over the world in order to keep myself updated and to be able to bring the new technology being practiced successfully in other countries to my organization. Role Model: In a leadership position, one should understand, that you should have personality traits including personal values, ethics and morals and a code of conduct that the other people in the organization and the publics outside the organization including vendors, shareholders, society and government officials not only find acceptable but also such that are desired in a person on the top. In other words, it’s not only your talent and work that matters but also your moral values and ethics that will win you a place at the top by inspiring others. To show this trait, I will strictly keep my religious views to myself, but understand the beliefs of everyone else and will avoid displaying controversial behavior in public including alcoholism, public demonstration of affection and irresponsibility especially in the office and at public areas. Networking: for any organization to be successful, it is necessary that the people leading it should have the necessary contacts and presence in the social and industry circles. To demonstrate this, I will have membership and an important role in industry or trade associations, network with the relevant Government

Do economist matter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Do economist matter - Assignment Example He points out that the public is uneducated in economic theories. Moreover, people and institutions of influence tend to muddle up these economic laws in order to server their own vested interest. Ultimately, the public is not only uneducated, they are also miseducated in the theories of economics and even refuse to be educated in these areas. In addition, even economists themselves rarely adhere to the economic theories that they themselves preach as they take into account external factors such as family security, pride, and societal acceptance. As such, economists end up sending messages that the public would be more comfortable to hear. This dilemma is further aggravated by the fact that economic theories have been, and may be, tested out on very limited platforms. Thus, economists usually have their hands tied and their tongues curled in defense of economic theories that may or may not work. Overall, Stigler illustrates that economists are almost always torn between being an academic who incessantly explains theories to an unaccepting public and an implementor whose proposals are periodically squashed by an unbelieving society. Either way, an economist’s quest for popularity and for influence will, in Stigler’s view, most likely lead him to parallel

Social Responsibility Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Social Responsibility - Research Paper Example 1.1. History of coca-cola The Coca-Cola Company was founded in the year of1886 with an objective to provide fresh and delicious drinks to the people. It was introduced by Dr. John Styth Pemberton. The prime objective of the organization was to offer extremely refreshing drink to enhance the level of happiness and enjoyment. It also desired to generate a value of difference among the target market among other rival players. This helped the organization to achieve a substantial market share in a very short period of time. It also helped to enhance annual revenue to a significant extent. 2. Characteristics of CSR model Figure 1: CSR Model of Coca-Cola (Source: The Coca-Cola Company, 2013) From the above figure, it might be depicted that CSR, is a procedure to improve both internal as well as external environment, in which an organization operates. It is the moral duty of the organization to present its operations in an ethical way so that no harm is caused to the environment (Figure 2). Apart from this, CSR model also includes: People- it tries to offer ethical treatment to the employees engaged in the organization so as to enhance their level of morality and dedication towards work. Partners- through proper CSR, Coca Cola also tries to establish new channel partners for the organization. This might help the organization to expand its level of business along with market share as well. Portfolio- it tries to offer highest quality of beverages to the customers so that they might attain stimulant and happiness. Profit- by conducting effective CSR initiatives, the company can enhance its brand value and goodwill among its key stakeholders like customers, shareholders, suppliers, distribution partners etc. This will act as positive catalyst to generate more tangible return in terms of revenue. 3. CSR Initiatives The prime CSR initiatives of Coca Cola, is to offer high concentration over environmental responsibility. It mainly focuses on water, energy, packaging and rec ycling activities, health, economic responsibilities and communities. Water- the prime responsibilities of all of us is to conserve and store water so as to reduce wastage of water. It might be done by focusing on the rainwater harvesting projects so as to save huge quantity of water. Moreover, Coca Cola also initiated the establishment of varied rain water projects so as to save water. The organization of Coca-Cola also implemented a waste water treatment machinery to reduce wastage of ground-level water. Energy-it also reduces the consumption of energy to a certain extent. Along with this, it also helps in reducing the emission of hydro-fluorocarbons to a considerable extent. It is extremely essential for the organization. Packing and recycling- recycling is enabled in packaging of the bottles of the Coca-cola. Due to which, the PET recycling project is also developed so as to maintain it. Side by side, it also implemented numerous innovative sorts of machineries within the plants to improve the bottling activity. Health- the organization also desires to offer free health check-ups as well as education facilities to the individual of rural communities to as to increase their knowledge and awareness level. It also helps in establishing polio clinics so as to reduce the curse from the society. Along with this,

Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture Personal Statement - 5

Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture - Personal Statement Example In the last year, which was my Foundation year, I have learned a good many things. Apart from an insight into subjects like Economics, Business Development, and Accountancy, I developed a spirit of inquiry. I learned how to do proper research through formulating an appropriate research design and methodology, and preparing instruments of data collection. I learned to analyze and interpret data. I have learned how important it is to keep abreast of the current developments in the world and in my field, and have gotten into the habit of regularly reading newspapers. I’ve also learned how important it ma tokes presentations correctly and in a manner that communicates to my target audience. Making presentations is the order of the day in the corporate world. It is not just a skill but is often even taken to the level of an art. Therefore this has been a very valuable competence that I have picked up. I have bettered myself on the general reading front. Besides, both my individual working skills and team working skills have improved a great deal. I have learned that people will always need to work together and that being a team player is as important as working efficiently on an independent basis. I’ve also learned to meet assignment deadlines. In the last year, I created a portfolio containing nine sections, which has been the result of a considerable amount of work throughout the year. The topics that I chose to work on were interesting but they were also challenging - both in terms of depth of detail as well as in dealing with a diverse range of themes. On the research about technology in business, I chose to work on the theme of smartphones. On the research about developments in the energy sector, I chose the oil industry.  

David Sedaris and Projecting Sexual Orientations Through Speech Research Paper

David Sedaris and Projecting Sexual Orientations Through Speech - Research Paper Example The opening of the report consists of the information about David Sedaris as a writer. Writers generally write about their experiences. As an essayist and a humorist, David Sedaris chronicles his experiences and more, in order for the people to get entertained. His works can be satirical and deadpan, or maybe even exaggerated. Whatever the style is, David Sedaris is a chronicler of life. And his life, whether you want to admit it or not, is really interesting, and that makes it very readable. But then again, David Sedaris is not a very special man. In fact, he is too much like the rest of the world, which is why many people read him. But the fact remains that he is sure interesting enough in order for the person to have such interesting experiences – experiences that lead the readers to enjoy a funny, vicarious experience. Why is this so? Why is David Sedaris genuinely interesting to the rest of the world? David Sedaris is an American writer, first and foremost. Most of his wo rks focus on his experiences on being American: being American in America (as he recalled in â€Å"End of the Affair† in the book Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim, for example), being American in Paris or being American in Japan, or wherever it was he went (such as the essays in When You Are Engulfed In Flames). He offers a different take on being American, and this is largely due to his colorful personality and his ability to appreciate reality. His works are funny largely because of the people around him which can be quite rambunctious and funny, all because they differ than most people. But generally, the observations made by Sedaris as an American are quite useful for the traveler, as they can actually use the information as tools for insight, as the self-deprecating humor can actually highlight the flaws on has for being who he is, which in this case, is being American. It offers non-biased, non-judgmental reflection on how it is to be an American, especially abro ad. Add to the fact that he is a smoker, and how it means to be a smoker. Experiences which relate to being a smoker can be largely found in the book, When You Are Engulfed With Flames, especially being a smoker in foreign countries like France and Japan. But then his earlier work always through references to smoking, especially with his family: his mother and sisters are all smokers. This time, smoking is not preached as good or bad, it just is smoking. His being a smoker adds dimension to his persona, to his experiences. He is also not rich. He came from a working class family. His essays revolve on his experiences as a struggling writer. He was a cleaning guy in New York for some time. He was also an apple-picker once, just to take a stab at romanticism. Although they were not struggling as a family, his experiences as a young man (or boy) trying to make ends meet are hilarious. There is this essay where he talks about how obsessed he was at being rich. He was constant dreamer. T hat’s for sure, and his constant to be part of something grad, something that most people are not privy to, makes him a very good vessel for many who would also like to try his antics, but couldn’t. But he also suffered some tics. Maybe they were developmental tics at the time, who knows. In Naked, there is an essay called a â€Å"Plague of Tics†, casually making his experience with tics accessible to

A Summary of a Chapter Writing the Winning Thesis or Dissertation Essay

A Summary of a Chapter Writing the Winning Thesis or Dissertation - Essay Example The researcher should present all datasets in tables and figures. Joyner, Rouse, and Glatthorn, 2005, emphasize on proper development of tables and figures to show study results.Writing the Introductory Paragraph. The introduction of chapter four should remind readers of the research problem and restate it in the first sentence. Similarly, an introductory paragraph should feature a sentence that gives a succinct overview of the whole chapter. The researcher should summarize study results by referring to tables. The researcher should state the evidence. However, when the writer states the narrative, part it only highlights the significant results. Using headings to attain proper chapter organization forms an imperative aspect of a thesis or dissertation.Revise the chapter before submission to the dissertation chair for review. Revising research is important to identify any errors in grammar and format in the chapter. A good thesis or dissertation should be free of grammar errors. It s hould be clear to the readers and easily understandable. Should the dissertation require tables or figures, the researcher must ensure he fully understands the programs applied such as word and spreadsheet. The writer then considers creating rows and columns of a table and makes a hard copy draft to ensure of size. Mention the table title and table number. The book outlines how a researcher can make a table on word and spreadsheet. Based on the information, the researcher can use whatever is suitable for him or her.

Physiological Education Essay Example for Free

Physiological Education Essay Harvard President Lawrence Summers caused quite a stir in January 2005 when he proposed that women are lagging behind in science and mathematics because of innate differences between the sexes (Angier and Chang, 2005). Angier and Chang at the New York Times agree. They write that research has found that there are a lot of discrepanciesthe architecture of their brains, in quantitative test scores, attitudes toward math and sciencebetween men and women (Angier and Chang, 2005). The New York Times report found that boys have outscored girls in the math part of the SATs by as much as 35 points, while verbal scores are very similar. On the other hand, the report notes that there are more boys with attention-deficit disorder, learning disabilities, and autism (Angier and Chang, 2005). Boys, on the other hand, fare rather poorly with reading and writing. NAEP writing tests results in 2003 showed that boys scored 24 points lower than girls. The trend can be seen as early as the fourth grade all the way through college (Connell and Gunzelmann, 2004). Kate Melville explains that girls mainly use a system that is involves more memorization and association of words, while boys rely on a system the deals with the rules of language. Melville, citing a study by Michael Ullman, adds that both boys and girls are using different neurocognitive brain processes in learning language, and information processing (Melville, 2006). Jasna Jovanovic and Candice Dreves sums it up in saying that over the years, the notion is that boys have superior spatial abilities, which helps them in math. While girls are better at language and writing (1995). Do girls learn differently from boys? This paper will provide proof that they indeed do, and will try to delve into why and how they learn differently. Lastly it looks into recommendations for addressing such learning disparities between the genders. Preferences in Learning Styles Erica Wehrwein and her fellow researchers identify the learning style preferences of students to include visual, auditory, read-write, and kinesthetic. They also found that a little more than half of the females preferred a single mode of presenting information, as opposed to only 12. 5% of males (Wehrwein, et. al. , 2007). More than a third of the females favored the kinesthetic mode, followed by the read-write mode at16. 7% (Wehrwein, et. al. , 2007). On the other hand, boys preferred auditory, read-write and kinesthetic evenly (Wehrwein, et. al. , 2007). The researchers conclude that there is a significance difference in learning style preferences between boys and girls. Brain-based Differences Nikhil Swaminathan at the Scientific American says that a growing body of studies over since the 1960s have documented that girls have superior language skills. Swaminathan cites a journal report from the Neuropsychologia that says that girls completing a linguistic-related task showed greater activity in the areas of the brain that are responsible for language encoding, and abstract deciphering of information. The boys showed more activities in the visual and auditory areas, depending on how the words were presented (Swaminathan, 2008). Swaminathan concludes that in a classroom, it implies that boys have to be taught visually and orally (through texts and lecture) to gain a full understanding of the lesson, while girls can pick up the concepts by using one of either (Swaminathan, 2008). The study monitored the brain activities of 62 kids (31 of each) from 9 to 15 years old (Swaminathan, 2008). CBS News correspondent Elizabeth Kaledin cites a study conducted by University of California at Irvine psychologist Richard Haire, which shows that at the very least, mens and womens brains work differently (Kaledin, 2005). Kaledin also cites Dr. Jay Geidds studies showing that boys and girls have different brain development, with girls brains maturing faster than boys, except in the area involved in mechanical skills (Kaledin, 2005). Dr. Leonard Sax offers a much more empirical example, saying that at 12, the geometry area in a girls brain is equal to that of an 8 year old boy, while the language area of a boys brain is three or four years behind that of a girls brain. Dr. Sax concludes that boys and girls see, hear and respond differently (Kaledin, 2005). The Environments Role In an interview Parent News, Jasna Jovanovic stresses that there are no genetically-based differences between girls and boys. Jovanovic, however, says that girls will benefit more from teaching methods that include performance-based assessments, hands-on, active approaches, and cooperative learning. Jovanovic also reiterated that the difference might lie in the childs environment. Jovanovic laments that societal expectations and stereotypes tell girls that they are not good in math or science, so they shouldnt be very interested in it (Understanding Gender , undated). Jovanovic participated in a single-sex education in grades K-12 roundtable discussion sponsored by the American Association of University Women Educational Foundation. Jovanovics view is shared by Barnard President Judith Shapiro who adding that while nature may form part of the loss of interest among girls in science, there is also the nurture part (Kaledin, 2005). Donna Milgram, expounding on the gender differences in math, science, engineering and technology, says that the reason why many girls are floundering in these areas is that they have less experience in the hands-on application of learning principles than boys. Milgram says that the studies show that gender differences, most likely, stems out of nurture, not nature (Milgram, undated). Milgram adds that another important area of concern is that of perception and confidence. Females are most likely to succeed in science, engineering, technology and math if they feel confident that they could master it (Milgram, undated). Recommendations Jovanovic and Dreves recommends that child care providers and teachers give every child the chance to learn math and science. Staff should be trained on the equal treatment of boys and girls in the classroom, as well as be given the necessary resources and materials to give the children hands-on experiences in both subjects (Jovanovic and Dreves, 1995). Jovanovic, in the Parents News interview, also suggests a smaller class size, a core curriculum approach, more personal relationships between teahcers, students and administrators, more higher-order thinking-related activities (Understanding Gender , undated). Teachers, as well as students, need to be aware of learning style preferences. That way, they can tailor-fit their instruction, activities and tasks to optimize learning. Dr. Leonard Sax says that its very important to understand and pay more attention to the learning differences between girls and boys, and even in the differences in the way they develop. Dr. Sax points out that if we continue to ignore these differences, chances are at age 13, wed have girls who think they cant do math and boys who think that poetry is a waste of time (Kaledin, 2005). * * * The body of evidence, the growing of research, the viewpoints held by various authorities may differ, at the very least, and contrasting and confusing at the most. Whats clear, however, is the fact that girls and boys differ in they ways that they learn something. It may be attributed to physiological factors, or it may stem from the childs environment. The debate, however, is important not because we need to determine whether boys are more intelligent than girls. That is way beside the point. Our role as educators is to make sure that our students learn, in a manner thats easy for them. While suggestions have been brought to extremes like a single-sex classroom setting, the bulk of the responsibility rests on our shoulders. We need to understand these differences, be it physiological, or environmental. We need to understand our students. We need to understand their learning patterns. Having understood their strengths, and the innate differences, we can tap it to make it easier for them to learn. We need to find out the proper and optimal mix of instruction, of lectures, of the use of materials and resources. We need to be creative, innovative in the classrooms and outside it, in order to capture our students and interests in they way they were wired to appreciate it. Lastly, and perhaps, most importantly, we need to create a supportive classroom environment where boys and girls can be themselves, and make both understand that each of them are there to learn in his or her own style and pace. Its the only way we can safeguard their self-confidence and esteem. References Angier, Natalie and Chang, Kenneth. (2005). Gray Matter and Sexes: A Gray Area Scientifically. New York Times. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. http://www. nytimes. com/2005/01/24/science/24women. html? oref=loginpagewanted=allposition= Connell, Diane and Gunzelmann, Betsy. (2004). The New Gender Gap. The Instructor, March 2004. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. http://teacher. scholastic. com/products/Instructor/Mar04_gendergap. htm Kaledin, Elizabeth. (2005). Intellectual Gender Gap? CBS News. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2005/03/14/sunday/main679829. shtml Jovanovic, J. and Dreves C. (1995). Math, science, and girls: Can we close the gender gap? University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. http://www. nncc. org/Curriculum/sac52_math. science. girls. html Melville, Kate. (2006). Big Gender Differences In Language Learning. Georgetown University Medical Center. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. http://www. scienceagogo.com/news/20061029224800data_trunc_sys. shtml Milgram, Donna. Gender Differences in Learning Style Specific to Science, Technology, Engineering and Math. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. http://www. selfgrowth. com/articles/Gender_Differences_in_Learning_Style_Specific_to_Science_Technology_Engineering_and_Math_STEM. html Swaminathan, Nikhil. (2008). Girl Talk: Are Women Really Better at Language? Scientific American. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. http://www. sciam. com/article. cfm? id=are-women-really-better-with-languageprint=true Understanding Gender Differences that May Occur in Classroom Settings. Adoption. Com. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. http://library. adoption. com/Child-Development/Understanding-Gender-Differences-that-May-Occur-in-Classroom-Settings/article/3379/1. html Wehrwein, Erica, Lujan Heidi and DiCarlo, Stephen. (2007). Gender differences in learning style preferences among undergraduate physiology students. Advances in Physiological Education. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. http://advan. physiology. org/cgi/content/full/31/2/153

The Role of Cultural Intelligence in Effective Leadership Essay Example for Free

The Role of Cultural Intelligence in Effective Leadership Essay Over the years, business companies and society in general have increasingly housed different people from all over the world, each bringing to the table his or her own culture. As a consequence, the need for effective social skills and cultural sensitivity has been highlighted, especially for managers as part of the complete leadership package. What is Cultural Intelligence? Traditionally, intelligence is defined as simply being able to correctly answer questions in a test. However, experts say that intelligence encompasses more aspects which build an individual’s personality, and this includes cultural intelligence (Earley, 2003, p. 3). Before we define what cultural intelligence is, let us first understand the meaning of culture. Peterson (2004) defines culture as â€Å"the relatively set of minor values and beliefs generally held by groups of people in countries or regions and the noticeable impact those values and beliefs have on the people’s outward behaviors and environment† (p. 17). Given this definition, we can clearly say that managing and capitalizing on different cultures to drive business to profitability entails a very solid leadership team. Management literature offers a number of working definitions of cultural intelligence or CQ. For instance, Earley and Ang (2003) define CQ as: A person’s capability for successful adaptation to new cultural settings, that is, for unfamiliar settings attributable to cultural context and consists of cognitive, motivational and behavioral elements. In managerial contexts, this calls for the ability, among other things, to identify and solve problems sensitively and effectively in cross cultural situations. (p. 9) CQ is also sometimes referred to as the â€Å"key competencies that allow us to effectively interact with people from diverse cultural backgrounds in all kinds of settings† (Bucher, 2007, p. 7). The Need for Cultural Intelligence in Business The trend nowadays is that companies are seeing an increasingly diverse employee base as they expand to new local and international territories. This, then, necessitates more effective leadership skills set and behaviors to be able to manage the company given the new and often changing global landscape. CQ encompasses both traditional intelligence (IQ), which is required to perform and analyze day-to-day business activities, and emotional intelligence (EQ) which deals primarily with social interactions. It entails the capacity to decipher, interpret and integrate both rational and emotional behaviors. Business leaders with high CQ more easily and effectively adapt to new environments and deal with people from different countries. (Earley and Ang, 2003, p. 34 35). CQ plays an important role in a number of business activities especially when a company is trying to develop a business opportunity in a foreign country or is planning to enter into a joint venture with a foreign partner. In these cases, a high CQ manager will overcome common impediments such as language and professional mindset to close a potential deal. CQ is also required of a manager who oversees both local and expatriate colleagues. He or she must make sure that they co-exist and work toward a common goal for the company. Sometimes, it is especially challenging to motivate local employees when they see a lot of expatriates who usually have significantly bigger paychecks. In addition, CQ is needed in resolving disputes between or among employees of diverse cultural background. A good manager knows that some people prefer direct and straightforward confrontation, while others are uncomfortable with this style. Managing relations with foreign stakeholders can likewise be difficult at times, especially with the difference in governance style and structure. However, a manager with high CQ will take into consideration political, corporate or social sensitivities to sustain thriving relationships with the company’s stakeholders. Multi-national companies also face a lot of ethical dilemmas, and dealing with these problems requires high levels of CQ. Moreover, strategic business activities like setting policies and plans, as well as developing training programs for employees call for managers with high CQ. In both cases, the company should strike a balance between the needs and expectations of both local staff and expatriates. More importantly, CQ impacts a company’s bottom-line issues. Bucher (2007) explains: CQ changes the way employees interact with their customers and clients. As employees develop their CQ megaskills, their ability to assess and understand the cultural context of any social interaction increases. This, in turn, allows them to increase customer / client satisfaction by building relationships and adapting to the diverse needs of individuals. Even small changes in the range and magnitude of one’s skills can have a profound influence on productivity, and other bottom-line issues. (p. 12) Cultural Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence Emotional intelligence (EQ), like IQ and CQ, contributes to the well-roundedness of a highly-effective manager and business leader. Stening (2006) discusses, An individual’s success in life (including at work) is determined not just by abilities in respect of a fairly narrow range of mathematics and linguistic skills, but by such things as: knowing their own emotions (self-awareness); managing their emotions (handling their feelings in an appropriate manner); motivating themselves (harnessing their emotions in the interests of goal accomplishment); recognizing emotions in others (having empathy); and handling relationships (being socially – i. e. , behaviorally – competent). (p. 78) Managers who possess high EQ tend to be more effective motivators and leaders as they recognize the need for open and transparent communications with their staff. Of course, employees more positively respond to a high EQ manager who understands his or her own emotions and let their actions speak louder than mere words than an authoritarian manager. EQ is particularly useful in managing conflicts. A high EQ manager will be in a better position to resolve the conflict calmly since he or she has control over his or her emotions. In addition, having a high EQ will enable a manager to make wise business decisions because he or she is more stable, would be more open to other people’s suggestions, and can clearly think even under pressure. Moreover, companies with many high EQ managers will be able to retain their competent workforce and survive the tight competition in the market. This is because employees who are made to feel they are an asset to the organization will most likely be more motivated to perform better and be loyal to the company. How to Enhance Cultural Intelligence Like any other intelligence models, CQ can be developed and enhanced. Some CQ proponents suggest that CQ is developed in three ways: cognitive, physical and motivational. Cognitive refers to learning about your own culture as well as those of other people, and appreciating what cultural diversity is about. Meanwhile, physical means using your body and senses to blend and immerse in a new environment. Finally, motivational pertains to using your emotions such as in gaining rewards upon achievement of a certain level of success and/or acceptance. (Earley, Ang Tan, 2010, p. 34) Bucher (2007), on the other hand, suggests developing nine â€Å"megaskills† to build CQ, namely (1) understanding my cultural identity; (2) checking cultural lenses; (3) global consciousness; (4) shifting perspectives; (5) intercultural; communication; (6) managing cross-cultural conflict; (7) multi-cultural teaming; (8) dealing with bias; and (9) understanding the dynamics of power. (p. 10 -11) References Bucher, R. D. (2007). Building Cultural Intelligence (CQ): Nine Megaskills. USA: Prentice Hall. Chin, C. Gaynier, L. (2006). Global Leadership Competence; A Cultural Intelligence Perspective. Michigan: Lawrence Technical University. Deng, L. , Gibson, P. (2008). A Qualitative Evaluation on the Role of Cultural Intelligence in Cross-Cultural Leadership Effectiveness. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 3 (2), 181 – 197. Earley, C. P. , Ang, S. (2003). Cultural Intelligence: Individual Interactions Across Cultures. California: Stanford University Press. Earley, C. P. , Ang. S. , Tan, J. (2010). CQ: Developing Cultural Intelligence at Work. California: Stanford Business Books. Gardner, H. (2006). Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons in Theory and Practice. USA: Basic Books. Goleman, D. (2005). Emotional Intelligence: Why it Can Matter More than IQ. New York: Bantam Dell. Goleman, D. , McKee, A. , Boyatzis, R. (2002). Primal Leadership: Realizing the Power of